Three trends defined Ethereum DeFi in Q3 2020:
1) The Rise of Automated Market Makers (AMMs)
2) Governance tokens and yield farming
3) Forks, derivatives, and network effects
4) and “weird DeFi.”
The Rise of Automated Market Makers (AMMs)
The trend: While stablecoins and lending platforms have long been the centers of activity in the DeFi ecosystem, Q3 created a number of new, compelling decentralized exchange (DEX) business models. Since the start of Ethereum, there have been a variety of ways to swap tokens — from the more traditional order book methods to token-based models. It is clear that there are certain security and pricing advantages that DEXes have over their centralized counterparts. It wasn’t until Q3 of 2020 however, that one could really say decentralized exchanges arrived. In the month of September, Uniswap’s trade volume was $15.4 billion, nearly $2 billion higher than Coinbase’s in the same month. DEXes that use automated market maker software (AMMs) now represent 93% of the decentralized exchanges market. While Uniswap, Curve, and Balancer remain to be some of the biggest AMMs, a whole new crop of DeFi companies have popped up in the past quarter. Q3 saw some of these new companies attempting different approaches to creating optimal prices for swapping tokens and avoiding impermanent loss.
The importance: AMM platforms were able to simultaneously achieve three outcomes this quarter; they worked to rapidly grow liquidity for hundreds of different token pairs, provide a robust decentralized option for swapping between tokens, and stood to benefit a broader community of individuals that add liquidity to an exchange by rewarding them with new governance tokens. These new tokens — think of them as economic participation or voting rights in some cases — are an important invention unique to Ethereum. For example, users that deposit USDC into Curve get cUSDC in return, which accrues value over time as the user collects trading fees. The success of AMMs in Q3 proved that AMMs were ready for the mainstream — so much so that the total value of AMMs on Ethereum surpassed $4 billion. Instead of Wall Street market makers or centralized cryptocurrency exchanges collecting the lion’s share of trading fees, AMMs provided returns and voting rights to anyone willing to add liquidity to a contract, audited or not. When before has a borrower earned a return on a debt from their lender?
Governance Tokens and Yield Farming
The trend: Following the release of Compound Finance’s $COMP token in Q2, we expected Q3 to continue the proliferation of governance token launches. We also expected these launches to be used in part for incentivizing liquidity in DeFi protocols and to give power to token holders to vote on changes to the protocol designs. Yield farming, a new concept in Q3, can be described as a way of seeking the most reward for putting various Ethereum assets to work. Each employing different strategies and experiencing varying degrees of success, we saw $BAL, $CRV, $UNI, $YFI, and others launching in Q3.
The importance: The incentive of yield farming to generate governance tokens both instigated and leveraged some of the more unique properties of Ethereum. As yield farmers moved liquidity into different pools to earn yield, a strong speculative DeFi bull market created rapid, high demand for new types of governance tokens and pushed the gas costs of Ethereum to all time highs. Similarly, governance tokens like Uniswap’s $UNI introduced a new model for launching by giving $UNI tokens to each Ethereum account that had previously interacted with the protocol 400. While the summer created a frenzied rise and fall of different yield opportunities, we predict that these new inventions for rewarding individuals who provide liquidity to stick around. This is especially likely as user experience improves, key management becomes more decentralized, and individuals providing liquidity can earn more attractive interest rates than a bank account or legacy asset.
Forks, Derivatives, and a Growing Network
The trend: This quarter was also not without a host of forks, copycats, and (most importantly) meme-based tokens attempting to capitalize on the popularity of AMMs and yield farming. SushiSwap and CREAM launched as forks of Uniswap and Compound. The details and data surrounding these forks brought to light how network effects, community popularity, and even the very nature of open source software are unique to DeFi.
The importance: The potential ability for anyone to fork and duplicate open source code has long been a concern and subject of game-theoretical analysis in the Ethereum and DeFi communities. The argument against perceived downsides of public code has been the resilience of network effects, which theoretically serve as protection against a protocol suddenly losing all its users to an identical competitor. SushiSwap launched as a fork of Uniswap, and CREAM launched as a fork of Compound. In some cases, these forks have provided new mathematical models for protecting against impermanent loss and slippage on trading pairs. Their differing degrees of success have, however, highlighted the negative side effects that have left some creators and network participants feeling burned. This opens up a critical discussion and generates questions about the legitimacy of anonymous token founders and more broadly, questions the ethics of using imitative code for personal gain.
Weird DeFi
The trend: In addition to the creation of financial protocols, DeFi began to incorporate memetic internet culture into the lexicon. Speculation resulting from interest rate maximization (i.e., yield farming) was largely driven by conversations on social media and chat channels like Twitter, Telegram, and Discord. It is impossible to overstate the breakneck pace of DeFi activity in Q3 and the role of these social channels in driving much of it. Of particular note is the concept of ‘Weird Twitter’: a subset of social media filled with absurdist humor and Internet subculture. This approach spilled over to DeFi, as projects like Based.Money and Meme Protocol (“Don’t Buy $MEME”) grew in popularity with crypto influencers. Speculators themselves began to call themselves “degen” investors, taking very high-risk bets on anonymous new forks and protocols and exposing themselves to 1000% returns as well as scams and large losses, or “rug pulls.”
Jordan Lyall of ConsenSys posted a DeFi project generator image on Twitter as a joke and inadvertently kickstarted the Meme Protocol which has a market cap over $5 million less than 3 months later.
The importance: While the trend may seem absurd, we note that Internet culture and crypto assets have long been linked, both in terms of economic philosophy, as well as community distribution. As investors began to see financial activity as a game, the outcome created protocols that combined money with visual images and self-referential humor. This in turn led to the creation of projects that used financial mechanics such as collateralizing assets for a
synthetic return in order to earn collectible social assets, like images, cards, and other non fungible tokens. As a result, crypto art tokens known as non-fungible tokens or NFTs (ERC-721, ERC-1155) started to meaningfully grow and be attached to protocols with large financial volumes. Crypto art and collectibles marketplaces like Rarible and OpenSea have seen increasing purchasing volume in Q3. Personal and social tokens have also flourished via projects like Roll and Async Art.
To read the full Q3 DeFi report: https://consensys.net/insights/q3-defi-report/